Ammon News - In May 2025, India and Pakistan experienced a significant military escalation, marking one of the most severe confrontations between the two nuclear-armed neighbours in recent decades.

Origins of the Conflict

The immediate trigger was a terrorist attack on April 22 in Pahalgam, Indian-administered Kashmir, which resulted in the deaths of 26 civilians, primarily Hindu tourists. India attributed the attack to Pakistan-backed militants, a claim that Pakistan denied. In retaliation, India launched "Operation Sindoor" on May 7, targeting alleged terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The operation involved missile strikes by Indian Air Force jets, reportedly killing over 100 militants, including close aides of Jaish-e-Mohammed chief Masood Azhar.

Escalation and Retaliation

Following India's strikes, Pakistan initiated "Operation Bunyān Mārsūs" on May 10, launching missiles at Indian military installations, including those in Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir. The conflict saw the use of drones, missile strikes, and artillery shelling, leading to significant casualties and damage on both sides. Pakistan claimed to have shot down multiple Indian drones and aircraft, while India reported intercepting Pakistani missiles using its S-400 missile defense system.

Ceasefire and Diplomatic Efforts

Amid fears of further escalation, including potential nuclear confrontation, diplomatic interventions were initiated. A ceasefire was brokered on May 10, with both nations agreeing to halt hostilities. While Pakistan acknowledged the role of U.S. mediation, particularly by former President Donald Trump, India maintained that the ceasefire resulted from direct military-to-military communication.